Laser carving and engraving technology materials

The impact of laser engraving four is the most fundamental elements: carving speed, laser power, carving precision materials. In the specific materials, such as a sculpture must reach a certain effect, requires a certain absorption of laser energy, this energy should be seen as a material absorption of laser energy = laser power / speed carving. Briefly is to improve the absorption of laser energy, it should raise or lower power laser engraving speed, as the final say on which method depends on sculpture materials and the final results. Generally speaking users will avoid the high and low speed, because it would reduce production efficiency. In fact, not only affect the efficiency of sculpture is carved speed, precision carving also have a very significant impact on its. From our experience of the practice of using the same 500 dpi to 600 dpi precision carving articles from the inside glance husband too much difference, the time, about 20 ~ 30% of the access. Under normal circumstances users will use 500 dpi to complete most of the work only in cutting or high-density energy needs will be used at 600 dpi or higher settings, the ultimate effect of the carving from the decisions of the material is still carving. New users of the general characteristics of the material are not very understanding of the different forms of carving materials nor profound understanding, it is bound to be some loss of customers. Below carvings on some commonly used materials and the performance of sculpture as a method, substituting reference: First, the performance of Gray Ordinary mechanical sculpture can not be economical manner carvings of varying thickness, which does not have gray manifestations. Laser engraving is achieved RBI sculpture, a gray-scale performance in a natural advantage. In this sculpture design can be used as far as possible gray manifestations, is the advantage of reducing the coloring process, saving costs on the other hand the rich sculpture reproduction means to increase the level of the graphics. Users in the use of, first, do different graphics Gray filling (first text into graphics), choice of black-and-white engraving output model to test the effect of different outlets, accuracy generally not more than 500 dpi. Second, sculpture materials 1, Timber A log (unprocessed timber) So far only wood is the most commonly used laser processing materials, it is easy carving and cutting. Light-colored wood like birch, cherry or maple can be a good laser gasification, thus more suitable sculpture. Wood, who each have the characteristics of some dense some, such as hardwood, in carving or cutting needs to be used when more laser power. We are not familiar with the proposed wood carvings, sculpture should be the first to study its properties. B, plywood Sometimes, you may be required in the plywood on the sculpture, in fact carved in wood with no big difference, but rather to pay attention to the depth of the engraving too. After cutting-edge of glued wood will be as black as the key to see if the use of plywood that Woody made. C, timber cutting Laser cutting wood carving machine depth does not generally deep within 5 mm, which is smaller because the laser power, such as slowing down economic growth will cause cutting wood combustion. Specific operation to try to use the standard lens, and a repeat cutting method. E, coloring Wood carving will be a general feeling had been burning with a wooden background match the original art with the United States, its main color depth look at the speed of laser power and carvings. Some timber is usually the kind of soft texture , no matter how you can change its color (such as: Birch). Sometimes customers may ask you finished coloring, use acrylic paints. 2, density Tiemianban A general density Tiemianban This is the type of Miduban signs we used to do the kind of wood pallet liner. High Miduban materials, surface affixed with a thin layer of wood. Laser sharp material in this factory on the sculpture, but carving out the design and uneven color black, generally coloring. Under normal circumstances, you can learn appropriate design, the use of the 0.5 mm dual plate mosaic to obtain better results. B, laser special density Tiemianban Some Miduban is designed specifically for laser engraving, carving a uniform color patterns, coloring also have very good results. C, clean After the sculpture can be used wet cloth Miduban clean surface. D, colouring Acrylic paints can be used or Chunsuanqi. In the sculpture, color graphics can be set to 60% gray, some carving bottom Ma, in order to improve the adhesion of color. 3, Acrylic (a faceted glass) A, acrylic Acrylic is second only to the most commonly used wood carving material, it is very easy to cut and sculpture, a wide variety of shapes and sizes, relatively speaking at relatively low cost. There are two plexiglass production process: the casting and rolling, laser engraving main casting production of the plexiglass, as it emerged from the laser engraving of the cream of the effect was very white, transparent texture of the original produced stark contrast to calendar Production of the plexiglass after the laser engraving is still transparent, and there is no adequate contrast. In the purchase of work, you have to dealers stressed the need to the kind of high-purity, or buy back the material at the possibility of carving or cutting will be melting phenomenon. B, sculpture Under normal circumstances a plexiglass back eagles, that is carved from the front, rear view, which makes products more three-dimensional sense. In the back, you should be carving graphics to mirror, and the carving faster speed, lower power. Sculpture, such as high power, the base will rise to the formation of stripes, such as carving a deep hope that some may try several more birds. Thai circumstances in the back of local color should be the first to carve a deeper color more, then use the flame polishing machine polishing, can be colouring. If not polished, from the front to see the color will not be uniform. C, cutting PMMA is relatively easy to cut, such as customer main requirement, cutting the latter can be delivered, and there is no flame polishing. Otherwise, the use of inflatable devices should be cut to improve the quality of incision. Cutting more than 8 mm in the plexiglass, should replace the large format lenses. Note: When cutting plexiglass operators not to leave, may be cutting flame.

Motion Control Card and laser engraving

I. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of photonics technology, laser engraving technology applications become wider, and increasingly demanding high precision carving. Laser material processing reflects the level of development of the factors in the following three aspects: First, laser technology, laser material processing is applied to the laser device technology and the second is laser equipment for processing machinery, control systems, laser processing equipment; third is the level laser processing technology. Because the laser technology is a very mature technology, the possibility of laser equipment for effective control, and laser processing of a laser engraving technology application bottlenecks. At present, domestic specializes in the production of laser engraving equipment manufacturers many of their competition from laser technology to the laser processing equipment and the effective control can effectively address the following questions: Multi-spindle 3D graphics, and high-speed laser scanning caused by the rapid promotion Vibration, scanning and scanning accuracy size format, the synchronization of laser scanning and scanning reciprocating dislocation, complex graphics interpolation algorithm and the rules issue, and has become the key to competitiveness. Second, based on DSP and FPGA design In response to these problems, with many years experience in the control of movement, we have designed based on the resource-rich and powerful FPGA DSP Motion Control Card - MPC03, laser engraving debugging, the successful solution of the problems mentioned above. 1, Introduction MPC03 card ⑴ DSP instructions from the host or receiving campaign directive block movement, and from the host to read the large number of graphics data into the real-time FPGA of RAM, sent to the mainframe running: Location, I / O status, and; ⑵ FPGA chip to receive instructions under complete control of multi-axis motor sport (two-dimensional graphics for the two-axis, three-dimensional graphics for the 3-axis): location, speed, interpolation, PID regulator; ⑶ in the course of the campaign, FPGA synchronous RAM read the graphic data, in accordance with their different'0 'or'1' status, real-time decision whether to switch light, and parallel processing relevant to the movement and the external I / O signal and general-purpose I / O signals. ⑷ MPC03 card performance indicators are as follows: FH maximum pulse output frequency: 15MHz Pulse frequency range F: 0.002 Hz ~ 15 million Minimum resolution Mmin: 0.002 Pulse frequency setting step R: 1 ~ 8191 Pulse a few of the positioning R0: 0 ~ 4,294,967,295 Automatic deceleration point range setting R6: 0 ~ 4294967295 Changes in the scope of R10 counter settings: 0 ~ 4294967295 2. MPC03 card design and functionality to achieve ⑴ hardware circuit design MPC03 card in the main DSP, FPGA two functional chip DSP peripheral expansion in a number of FLASH and SRAM to store programs and data, every two FLASH and SRAM can share a chip-select signal CS, composed of high and low double-word 32 - bit data bus and write, can improve MEMORY DSP and communications speed, FPGA configuration at the same time an EPROM to store downloaded procedures. DSP connectivity and PCI local bus interface chip is PCI bus controller (PCI Bridge), which includes a 128 KBit the dual-port shared memory to achieve the DSP and PCI local bus system bus data exchange, and for the deployment of an EEPROM to store data, the card line with the plug-and-play interface design trends, expanding the USB interface. Mentioned herein are low-power DSP and FPGA, the low-voltage operation, I / O signal voltage is 3.3 V, and core voltage is 1.8 V, while output can be configured with 3.3 V and 1.8 V voltage of the two voltage adjustment for. Please refer to MPC03 logical structure of the card. FPGA resources, a cost-effective programming to the scene repeatedly, in small batches for different customers specific requirements, and the flexibility to modify the design. High-speed floating-point DSP with the ability of the S-curve course of the campaign and some of the data interpolation algorithm for computing, get rid of the PC-dependent, and to deal with real-time data communication with the FPGA. PCI interface is relatively common, bus abundant resources, and communication speed block, the scope of the address space. USB interface can be realized working offline, do not have to configure each piece of a PC card machines, the scene easy to use, low cost, in line with the development trend of the times. ⑵ solution As the programme properly identified in each FPGA chip, a 4-axis function can be mutually independent but identical to the operation of multi-axis linkage can be achieved, the plane graphics and 3D graphics processing, and can be used two-axis can be 3-axis . In the high-speed line between movement and the rapid advance in the process, if not technical processing, such as the ladder diagram shown great acceleration in the high-speed course of the campaign, there will be vibration, shock, there will be irregular graphics dislocation serious there will be similar wavy deformation. If the acceleration decreases, the growth time (t1-t2) on the big, as in the high-speed processing zones (FH uniform), and this caused effectively reduce processing format. To solve this problem, the use of variable motion in the S-curve, so that movement in a very short period of time, from low speed to high speed or low speed to high speed gentle transition. After the scene of repeated experiments, in the same equipment, we can greatly improve their work efficiency and quality of graphics processing. In order to store a large amount of data and achieve synchronous scanning scanning purpose, we use a cleverly built-in FPGA 2 MBit block RAM resources to store image data in each row. In this design, we have opened up a nine-addressable address of the 32 Bit Data Bus Interface of RAM, which is 16 KBit. If each pixel is 0.1 mm scan, the scanning accuracy to the highest, theoretically scan format 1.6 m can be achieved. Scanning from low to high address address, in each row from high to low were carried out. Each scanning pulse, the first laser stepper motor drive before further, from the RAM area read a graphic data, and read data in accordance with the'1 'or'0' to decide whether the state optical switch. DSP FPGA because of RAM to each district party graphical data into 512 × 32Bit Therefore, in these 16 KBit data processing, the DSP not write data to the FPGA. Not only greatly improved the efficiency of laser equipment, but also ensure that the synchronization of the scan, the scanning reciprocating the overall dislocation in the software reverse compensation also provided feasibility. 3, the system's anti-jamming measures Interfere with the industrial field and in the practical application of an inevitable phenomenon, the system's anti-jamming performance system is $) ($ content amp; * an important indicator of. Printed circuit board is devices, signal lines, power supply, the high degree of assembly line, it will have a design capacity of the anti-jamming significant influence. In the design of the main anti-jamming adopted the following measures: ⑴ number of separate circuit mode: circuit in the internal and external mechanical input signal by the middle or high-speed ordinary Optocoupler Optocoupler in isolation, they will be separated from the power supply and ground. ⑵ configurable digital filters: For several signal FPGA chip, reset, the police, back to zero, and so on, can lead to a system reset or stop, in order to increase system reliability, and to increase digital filter can be used in the software, using VHDL language so that after several stages of several signals D flip-flop (series, as the case may be), then all levels of logic and signal or logic or. 3. CONCLUDING REMARKS With the photonics technology and the continuous development of large-scale integrated circuits, laser engraving surely will be a broader range of applications, thereby promoting the DSP and FPGA in the relevant field of application and development. In the foreseeable future, DSP and FPGA technology will in the aerospace, communications, laser engraving in many fields such as access to a broader range of applications, thereby promoting these.

"Chen Yun coin," Application of laser engraving technology

The common set of commemorative coins positive features of the house and Chen Yun Shanghai Qingpu Revolutionary History Memorial Building, and published the names年号and the "Shanghai Qingpu revolutionary Chen Yun's former residence and memorial hall of history", "100th anniversary of the birth of Chen Yun". 2 logo on the back of the coin were: portraits of Chen Yun during the War of Resistance Against Japan, Baota Mountain in Yan'an; the period of socialist construction portrait of Chen Yun, industrial construction decorative patterns. Also, "Chen Yun" in writing and "1905-2005" character, and included "10 dollars" denomination. "Chen Yun coin" in the back of the logo "Baotashan" and the "Industrial Building decorative patterns" is the application of the laser-engraving techniques. This is the first time the background logo will be laser engraving technology in the production of gold and silver coins, in the domestic as well as the international community are considered first. We know: laser engraving technology is a world-leading technology, applications and uses very broad; laser engraving equipment very quickly in the development, function more complete, it can be said on behalf of a laser engraving of the trends and direction of development . Laser Engraving production is the principle of background patterns: pattern of the background sketch on the scan into the computer, the computer to adjust the pattern of good black-and-white ash levels, and then by computer pictorial instructions will be sent to the laser engraving machines, laser engraving machines under the logo black-and-white ash to control the density of the laser beam, depth, the logo transferred to the mold. Laser Engraving background logo features: It is not like a certain degree of relief as height, but in almost the same plane of screen performance, as in the paper Huasumao entirely from black and white to express the volume of ash flu, and three-dimensional sense. "Chen Yun coin," Application of laser engraving technology background patterns produced before, we have long been studied, explored, and try. CAST 2003, I set up plants produced a silver chapter, in front of my office building factory relief from the top of the combination of many coins semicircular background, it is the application of laser engraving technology production, despite the initial attempt, but the results also good, very fresh, the whole screen is more harmonious. I plant for the 2004 Ink Co., Ltd. was established in the bill and the third anniversary of the completion of the new project also produced a commemorative silver chapter, the same logo on the front, the main factory building from the top of the relief office, the floor of the background research, but also Application of laser engraving techniques, building boats of different makes clear the level of clarity, achieving better artistic effect. "Chen Yun coin" in the production of gypsum-based relief when the background is also embossed with the performance, the judges held that the background embossed with the image of Chen Yun relief levels to do before and after opening, causing Baotashan pressure in the sense of Chen Yun shoulders , the proposed adjustment. We have used laser engraving technology to the production of alternative relief background, and Chen Yun portrait Baotashan background with two kinds of different approaches to performance, highlighted the main themes, structured, we have had good results, the judges received the acclaim. Laser engraving technology, "Chen Yun coin," The successful application of technology to increase the mint means of enriching the gold and silver coins of artistic expression, enhance the level of our mints and capabilities. We believe: the scientific concept of development under the guidance of, with the continuous development of science and technology, mint new technology, new technologies will emerge in an endless stream, and continuously made new progress. Source: Shanghai Mint Fangmaosen

Laser engraving technology for security seals

Chop security should consider two aspects: First, the seal can not be forged; Second, the printed text of the differential can be. Forged needed to be resolved from the seal materials, production technology, production facilities, proceed (otherwise strengthen management on the topic) and the printed text should be able to identify problems Yiyou, image recognition, such as the archives of the establishment of a chop efforts. Laser technology, and computer technology is the forefront of modern science and technology. The birth of these two technologies, immediately aroused the printing industry revolution. Laser Phototypesetting replace several hundred years of print. Type layout almost extinct in China. Phototypesetting inspired by the laser, these two technologies will soon introduce seal manufacturing and security areas. Computer typesetting greatly improving the seal level and the production of speed, and laser engraving has been successfully replace the plate dies, cutting tools and manual methods of electro-optical tracking, and experts from relevant departments of the general concern. Monochrome laser, high brightness, directional good advantage, are widely used in materials processing, such as laser heat treatment, cutting, welding, marking, etc.. On such occasions, laser used as an intangible "tool" role in the material, the material melting, vaporization, a variety of process. Advanced industrial countries are included in the laser processing and advanced manufacturing technology to promote. Laser engraving is the principle: a laser beam through optical transmission and agencies focused on the material surface, the density of high-energy laser beam at the role of the rapid vaporization, a pit points. Xy use of computer-controlled laser driven console first mobile laser control and in accordance with the requirements of the switch, the software processed by the image information has been stored in computers in one way or another, when a sequential read information from the computer, the laser head on along From left to right trajectory to scan back and forth from top to bottom progressive scanning. When scanning to a "1" point, the open laser scanning to a "0" point, the laser shutdown. We know that the information is stored on the computer's binary, which coincided with two state laser switch line. Currently popular seal publishing software can be used for a little of the laser scanning workstations, computers and other components dedicated to laser engraving equipment. Due to the equipment YAG laser and CO2 are generally two. YAG for marking metal, it is not easy achieve the desired depth. This can not be used in the seal carving. The CO2 laser engraving for non-metallic materials. On the seal, rubber, horns, plexiglass, marble, jade, ink pad save, timber, etc. may Creation achieve better depth and accuracy. CO2 laser power option 1-20 watts. Creation of a Chapter 3-5 minutes, official seals 15-30 minutes. At present, the laser equipment condenser point less than 0.1 mm. Mechanical repetition resolution 0.025 mm positioning accuracy of 0.1 mm. Creation of the chop chop in full compliance with industry standards. Why can laser engraving security? First, the process method is not forged, very difficult hand to imitate; Second, it is easy to computer typesetting many security measures reflected laser engraving. This is different from other methods of the greatest advantages. For example, the Creation bar code, code, Anji not repeat the lattice, graphics, patterns, etc.; Third, it is easy to computer filing, the establishment of the archives of the seal, easily printed text and image recognition through computer archives in the sample comparison, the differential. China is a big country chops. Seal should take two steps: security: current management should be strengthened as much as possible some of the initial use of the existing security measures. At the same time, we must vigorously strengthen seals in the high-tech industry applications. Through in-depth investigations, investigations and technological breakthroughs, the seal on a set of practical standards, seal process, seal materials and seal equipment, the establishment of identification and management of network systems. Form a national unified professional systems.